Aisha Taymur
Aisha Taymur was more in 1840 into an Egyptian Turco-Kurdish family who originated from Iraqi Kurdistan. Her father was a member of the Royal Turkish entourage and her mother Circassion, a group originally in Russia but living in Turkey in exile after a genocide perpetuated by Russia. From a young age, she was offered a high standard of education, learning the Quran, Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic, Turkish, and Persian. She was also taught composition, giving her the chance to practice literature in the three of her learned languages, which eventually turn into a career as a writer and poet. When she was 14 years old, Aisha married Mahmud Bey al-Islambuli, a Turkish noble and moved to Istanbul after the wedding. In 1873, her daughter died shortly followed by the death of her father and her husband, prompting her to return to Egypt where she resumed writing. In this time period, her writing focused specifically on women’s rights and the rights that Islam gave them they were being deprived of because of the political system in Egypt at the time. Aisha worked alongside other female activists campaigning for education and challenging British colonialism that was pillaging the region at the time. Her works were written in Arabic, Turkish, and Persian and she was well known for using allegorical narrative to illustrate women’s rights in Islam. She made use of the the word insan, meaning human being in Arabic, rather than using the word man. Aisha also wrote a booklet Mir'at al-ta'ammul fi al-umur or The Mirror of Contemplation, which reinterpreted the Koran to question the traditional patriarchal interpretations of the text. In addition to this booklet, she also wrote The Consequences of Circumstances and Deeds, Decorative Embroidery, and a multitude of poems. Aisha passed away in 1902 at the age of 62 years old and is to this day, considering the mother of Egyptian feminism.